Yesterday, I was wondering who got more national TV coverage during the Republican and the Democratic Conventions, so I decided to put the mostly-hidden graphing feature in SnapStream Enterprise through its paces.

I have a SnapStream Enterprise TV Server that records all national TV news programs (including financial news and sports news programs). I had it produce a graph of daily mentions of McCain, Palin, Obama and Biden. And then I took the graph it created (and, yes, I agree with you, our graphs are very 'Lotus 1-2-3' -- we're working on improving this) and added some annotations of my own:

(click to see a larger version)

My takeaways:

• Biden's not getting much TV coverage! He had a big spike when he was announced as the Democratic VP candidate, but he hasn't had much TV coverage after that.
• The Democratic VP nominee (Biden) got a bigger spike in coverage when he was announced than Republican VP nominee (Palin) did when she was announced, but...
• Palin's overall received more coverage than Biden (this, in spite of Biden's 1+ week head start)
• Obama received more coverage during the Democratic Convention than McCain received during the Republican Convention.
• Palin and McCain have been getting almost equal mentions on TV since the Republican Convention was kicked off. In contrast Obama is getting maybe 5x more mentions than his VP candidate!
• Finally, over labor day weekend, Hurricane Gustav killed nearly all discussion of the presidential campaigns!

So in conclusion, Gustav was the winner over the two conventions of the past two weeks! :-)

Matthew Ericson at the New York Times did a really cool visualization last week, "The Words They Used", comparing the most frequently used words at the Democratic and Republican Conventions (from the article, "Republicans were more likely to talk about businesses and taxes, while Democrats were more likely to mention jobs or the economy.")

This got me thinking about doing something similar for TV programs. So I did an experiment using the excellent word cloud generator Wordle on transcripts (generated with a single click from a SnapStream TV search appliance for The Daily Show with Jon Stewart and Fox's The O'Reilly Factor with Bill O'Reilly last week (the week of the Republican Convention in Minneapolis). The results:

Monday, September 1, 2008

»The O'Reilly Factor with Bill O'Reilly

The Daily Show with Jon Stewart

(there wasn't a new episode on Monday!)

Tuesday, September 2, 2008

A few notes:

So what do you think? Are these visualizations interesting? What are your observations? I'm not someone who has a background doing content analysis so hopefully I can get some experts to give me their conclusions.

Jeff Jarvis wrote a blog post last week about how he thought the word "actually" was overused on television. Here's the post (he lost a bunch of posts and hasn't restored them all):

Actually is the new ‘y’know’
July 19th, 2008, by Jeff Jarvis

The most overused and unnecessary word on broadcast is “actually.” Start counting how many times it is used by TV people and you’ll hate me for driving you nuts.

While I’m kvetching, why do TV people introduce a panel of three people and then say, “Mr. Jones, let me start with you.” Just start with him: ask your question. Why this need to warn Mr. Jones?

Our TV search appliance is used by a number of journalism schools for content analysis (like Emerson College and GWU, so this got me thinking about how we might try and use our product to measure Jeff's assertion about the word actually.

So here's what I did. I took one week of national TV recordings that we had made on a SnapStream Enterprise TV Server and I did some ad-hoc analysis (remember, I'm not expert on content analysis!) on how frequently the word 'actually' appeared by series and by network.

Here are the 20 shows that use the word 'actually' the most:

And here are the 20 shows that use the word 'actually' the least:

And here's a summary of the the word 'actually' by network:

So at the higher end, offending shows are using the word 'actually' between once every 10 minutes to once every 3 minutes. Since I'm not a content analysis expert, what other trends can you draw? How could the test be improved?

This coming week, some of us from SnapStream are headed to San Antonio, TX to attend and exhibit at one of the largest annual 'technology in education' events here in the U.S. -- the National Educational Computing Conference (NECC).

SnapStream will be on the exhibit floor in booth #3034 (here's a map), if you're looking for us.

But since this will be our first time at NECC and, really, our first time at any kind of large gathering of K-12 and university educators, I figure it's a good time to explain what we know about the value proposition of SnapStream to K-12 schools and universities.

When I was in grade school, there wasn't a lot of technology in the classroom. My Houston public elementary school had a shared area of "pods", each with headphones and cassette players where we'd do "SRA" and every so often, our teacher would haul in an 8mm projector on a cart and we'd all take a nap while the lights were out... but I digress. :-) And the private high school that I attended had a few computer labs, but that's about it. That was technology for me in grade school. Today, I'm amazed at the technology that I see used in the classroom -- and, as I've learned, television is one of the many educational tools found in today's classroom. For some background on how television gets used in education, check out Cable in the Classroom. So delivering television into the classroom is the first thing that SnapStream Enterprise does for K-12 schools and universities:

1. Distribution of television to the classroom (over the LAN)

With SnapStream Enterprise, schools can distribute television over their LANs to all their classrooms. And in most cases, they can do this using their existing TCP/IP infrastructure and their existing PCs and display projectors in the classroom. For new schools, using the LAN to distribute TV can eliminate the need to install expensive extra RF cable infrastructure. And through the easy-to-use SnapStream PC client software, teachers can not only watch live TV, they can also watch recorded TV, schedule new recordings and search TV recordings (more on this below). With the ability to schedule recordings and play them back anytime, teachers aren't tied to the broadcast schedule and can integrate TV shows into their curricula whenever they'd like.

Here's a journalism professor at Emerson College using the SnapStream Enterprise client software to bring TV into the classroom. This is a university but it's the same idea at the K-12 level...

2. SnapStream's TV search allows educators to harness TV in new ways

SnapStream's TV search technology allows teachers to easily search inside TV recordings.

With our search technology and our built-in clipping functions, teachers can ferret out relevant and useful snippets of TV content for use in their classes. Any clip can be downloaded and easily integrated into a teacher's Powerpoint or other presentation.

For example, if a teacher wanted to talk about the California wildfires in his social studies class, he could:
1) do a search on "California wildfires",
2) get these TV search results:

3) watch each segment,
4) clip the segments he wants to use in his class and, finally,
5) download the clips for inclusion in his presentation.

And this would all be possible for the teacher to do from his classroom PC, without anyone else's help -- no need for anyone from A/V or the library to get involved. This is one example of how we think our TV search technology can make TV accessible and useful to educators in new ways.

3. Student projects and assignment

Because SnapStream Enterprise makes television accessible from any LAN accessible PC, it can be installed on library PCs, computer labs or other public-area computers. And then teachers can give homework and other assignments built around SnapStream Enterprise. For example, a teacher could give students an assignment to watch a presidential debate using SnapStream Enterprise or they could ask their students to do a comparison of how one TV network's coverage of a particular candidate differs from another TV networks coverage of the same candidate.

And SnapStream Enterprise has access control functions built-in so users can be given varying levels of permissions. For example, students can be given one set of permissions while administrators can have their own set of permissions.

4. Content analysis and research for journalism, media studies and political science

For people who do what's known as "content analysis" on broadcast television, this one doesn't require much explanation. Rather than having to manually watch potentially hundreds of TV news broadcasts and transcribe their contents (heretofore the exclusive job of poor, underpaid grad students!), SnapStream Enterprise automatically provides a full text transcript for any recorded TV program. A sample TV show transcript exported from a SnapStream Enterprise TV Server:

Those transcripts can then be exported from SnapStream Enterprise and pulled into 3rd party software for coding and textual analysis or SnapStream's TV search technology can be used to do things like word frequency. If don't know what content analysis is and you're still wondering, here's an example of the kind of findings that might come out of a content analysis.

So that's a quick run down of what I know about how SnapStream Enterprise useful to universities and K-12 schools. We already have a number of customers in the area of education (in particular, amongst journalism schools) but we're looking forward to talking to a lot more and learning more about the problems that exist amongst teachers and professors trying to leverage television in education. Are you an educator that uses television in your teaching curriculum? Is there something you'd like to see our product do? Leave a comment below!

We often get the question, "How does SnapStream's TV search appliance work?" so here's a brief explanation.

First, for anyone new to SnapStream's TV search technology, a quick summary of what it is: SnapStream Enterprise is an "appliance" that allows an organization to record lots of television and then search inside those recordings. By "appliance", we just mean that the product is a self-contained server that you buy from us that's quick and easy to setup. Here's what the hardware looks like:

Once you have a SnapStream Enterprise TV Server setup, the first thing you'd typically do is tell it what you want it to record. You can do this using the SnapStream program guide -- you can record a single instance of a show, you can record every instance of a show, or you can record a particular channel 24 hours a day:

Once recordings are made, you can search inside those recordings for anything you might be looking for. Some examples of TV search scenarios:

• A presidential campaign wants to search for every mention of their candidate and their candidate's competition is mentioned on TV -- so they can respond to that TV coverage more efficiently.
• A city government wants to search all of their local TV stations for mentions of their police department, their fire department, and anything else related to their city government.
• A television comedy show (like The Soup on E!) wants to search thousands of hours of television for things to make fun of.
• A journalism department at a university wants to do a type of research called content analysis (also known as textual analysis), so they use our search technology to chart word frequencies over time.
• ...and the list goes on.

As an example of our TV search results, here's an ad-hoc search that I did on "George Carlin" (I ran this query just now on Friday, June 27, 2008):

You'll see for each search result, there's

• the name of the program that contained the match,
• the time at which the match occurred (for example, Anderson Cooper 360 at 8:59pm yesterday),
• and finally there's an excerpt of the transcript with the matching words bold-faced.

(A side note: you can also setup SnapStream Alerts that would e-mail you everytime certain words appeared on television -- the results would look similar, but you'd get them on e-mail).

So how does our TV search technology work? It searches over a combination of

• closed-captioning data and
• program guide data.

The FCC requires closed-captioning to be included on almost all TV programming (more on the details of this on the fcc.gov website). So while SnapStream Enterprise is making a recording, it also simultaneously records all of the closed-captioning data for that show. In the process of recording the closed-captioning, SnapStream Enterprise does some clean-up of the text to make it easier to read and easier to search. And then we index all of that text in a time-coded fashion, so when we find a match, we can direct the user to not only the program where the match occurred, but also to the time within that program. Program guide data is also used in our search process so users can easily filter searches by program genre, by channel, or by program title.

In addition to being simple to use, the SnapStream TV search engine also offers up a lot of power in the hopes that our customers can find whatever it is they are looking for on television. More on this in the next blog posting! Meanwhile, if you have any questions, post 'em in the comments.

The Las Vegas Convention center is huge at 3.2 million square feet and while at the National Association of Broadcasters show in Las Vegas, SnapStream only occupies 100 sq. ft. of that space. And based on feedback from visitors last year, we know that the SnapStream booth was hard to find.

Hopefully this year we're easier to find simply because we're not as far back in the South Upper Hall as we were last year (many thanks to our contact at the NAB, Joy Lindsey!):

But, we still wanted to make it easier for you to find us so here are some maps and directions.

Directions to SnapStream at NAB2008:

1. Get to the South Hall of the Las Vegas Convention Center (veterans of the Las Vegas Convention Center will know that this is on one end of the convention center, furthest away from the Hilton and the North Hall)

2. Take the escalator up to the South Upper Hall

3. Walk down the main corridor of the South Upper Hall (you'll pass massive booths from companies like Sony and Motorola)

4. When you see the Ross Video booth, hang a left.

5. You'll see us on a corner to your right -- our booth number is #SU6008.

See you at NAB!

A few weeks ago, we began shipping a small update to SnapStream Enterprise 4.8 -- version 4.8.1. This new version of SnapStream Enterprise adds a few new capabilities and a slew of bug fixes.

One new capability is what we're calling "saved guide searches" -- with this new feature, you can schedule recordings by keyword in the program guide. For example, if you are a presidential campaign, you could schedule SnapStream Enterprise to record any show with the words "presidential", "campaign", or "election" in the title or description. Or if you are a tabloid or celebrity magazine following Brad Pitt, SnapStream Enterprise can now record any program with the actor in it.

We've also added a enhanced DirecTV Pay Per View data in the program guide. Those of you using your SnapStream Enterprise TV Server to record from DirecTV may have noticed that large portions of pay-per-view channels on DirecTV would be displayed with everything listed as "Pay-Per-View":

Well, now you'll get data detailing the specific paid programming on those DirecTV channels:

So check out the release notes for SnapStream Enterprise for the complete scoop and existing customers can upgrade their SnapStream Enterprise TV Server and their SnapStream Enterprise Link clients.

A few weeks ago we started offering webinars for SnapStream Enterprise, our television search appliance.

If you aren't familiar with it, SnapStream Enterprise like a DVR on steroids crossed with a search engine -- it lets you record a bunch of television shows and then search inside those recordings for every mention of:

• your presidential candidate
• your city's mayor
• a celebrity (in case you're their publicist)
• swear words (in case you're monitoring foul language on television at the FCC)
• ...or pretty much any other topic that might have been covered on television.

And anyone in your organization (city government, production studio, PR agency, corporate communications department, etc) can do these searches from their desktop PC.

Anyways, register for one of our webinars to see the product first-hand and to learn more about the most recent release of SnapStream Enterprise (version 4.8). To sign-up, see the calendar of upcoming webinars and choose a date and time that works for you.

Welcome to the SnapStream Enterprise Blog.